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The book presents a method to create a land cover map from lidar data (elevation, intensity and standard deviation of height). The intensity of the observed object depends on many factors and is therefore not easy to interpret. With careful study of the problem and implementing various improvements we managed to distinctively classify categories of grass, agricultural fields and asphalt. We used standard deviation of height to differentiate trees and buildings, because this was not possible using intensity data alone. On the basis of independent lidar data a high quality three dimensional land cover map of local area has been successfully generated. It distinguishes five basic categories, although more detailed sub-categories could be introduced if necessary. Once the methodology is determined, products can be generated fully automatically, with minimal effort and costs. The resulting maps are of very high positional and thematic accuracy with numerous advantages for local studies. Knjiga opisuje postopek izdelave karte pokrovnosti iz podatkov lidarskega snemanja, kot so višina, intenziteta in standardni odklon višine. Intenziteta opazovanega objekta je odvisna od vrste dejavnikov in zato težavna za interpretacijo. Po njeni preučitvi in nekaterih izboljšavah smo zelo dobro razločili kategorije pokrovnosti trava, njive in asfalt, za razločitev dreves in stavb pa smo morali uporabiti še standardni odklon višin. Na osnovi samostojnih lidarskih podatkov smo uspeli izdelati kakovostno karto pokrovnosti krajevnega območja, ki loči pet osnovnih kategorij, po potrebi pa jih lahko ločimo tudi več. Ko je postopek izdelave karte znan, lahko karto izdelamo povsem samodejno, z minimalnim naporom in stroški. Pri tem dobimo karto zelo dobre položajne in tematske natančnosti, s številnimi prednostmi za krajevne študije.

Geographical information systems (GIS) & remote sensing --- aerial laser scanning --- coverage --- intensity --- land cover --- lidar --- remote sensing --- Slovenia --- daljinsko zaznavanje --- intenziteta --- pokrovnost --- pokrovnost tal --- Slovenija --- zračno lasersko skeniranje

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The monograph is a translated and complemented edition of the book Airborne laser scanning raster data visualization: A Guide to Good Practice. It provides an insight into a range of visualization techniques for high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). It is provided in the context of investigation and interpretation of various types of historical and modern, cultural and natural small-scale relief features and landscape structures. It also provides concise guidance for selecting the best techniques when looking at a specific type of landscape and/or looking for particular kinds of forms.The three main sections – descriptions of visualization techniques, guidance for selection of the techniques, and visualization tools – accompany examples of visualizations, exemplar archaeological and geomorphological case studies, a glossary of terms, and a list of references and recommendations for further reading. The structure facilitates people of different academic background and level of expertise to understand different visualizations, how to read them, how to manipulate the settings in a calculation, and choose the best suited for the purpose of the intended investigation. Monografija nudi vpogled v nabor tehnik prikaza visokoločljivih modelov višin. Napisana je v kontekstu preučevanja in interpretacije različnih tipov zgodovinskih in modernih, kulturnih in naravnih majhnih reliefnih oblik. Daje jedrnate napotke za izbiro najboljših tehnik prikaza določenih tipov pokrajine in izrazitih oblik.Tri glavna poglavja – opis tehnik prikazovanja digitalnih modelov višin, napotki za njihovo izbiro in orodja za izračun prikazov –, spremljajo izbrani primeri tipičnih arheoloških in geomorfoloških študij, slovarček pojmov ter seznam literature in priporočenega branja. Posameznikom z različnih znanstvenih področij in z različnim predznanjem o tematiki je struktura v pomoč pri razumevanju različnih tehnik prikazov, kako jih brati, kako izbrati prave nastavitve pri njihovem izračunu in kako prepoznati najbolj primerne za namen zasnovane raziskave.

Geographical information systems (GIS) & remote sensing --- case studies --- digital heights model --- geodetic measurements --- geodetic methods --- geographical typology --- landscapes --- laser scanning --- laser techniques --- lidar --- manuals --- relief forms --- remote sensing --- settings --- spatial data --- technics --- tools --- visualization --- daljinsko zaznavanje --- digitalni model višin --- geodetska merjenja --- geodetske metode --- geografska tipologija --- krajine --- laserska tehnika --- lasersko skeniranje --- nastavitve --- orodja --- priročniki --- prostorski podatki --- reliefne oblike --- študije primerov --- tehnika --- vizualizacija

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This guide provides an insight into a range of visualization techniques for high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). It is provided in the context of investigation and interpretation of various types of historical and modern, cultural and natural small-scale relief features and landscape structures. It also provides concise guidance for selecting the best techniques when looking at a specific type of landscape and/or looking for particular kinds of forms.The three main sections – descriptions of visualization techniques, guidance for selection of the techniques, and visualization tools – accompany examples of visualizations, exemplar archaeological and geomorphological case studies, a glossary of terms, and a list of references and recommendations for further reading. The structure facilitates people of different academic background and level of expertise to understand different visualizations, how to read them, how to manipulate the settings in a calculation, and choose the best suited for the purpose of the intended investigation.A smaller amount of books is also available in hardcover (ISBN 978-961-05-0011-7, 24 EUR). Monografija nudi vpogled v nabor tehnik prikaza visokoločljivih modelov višin. Napisana je v kontekstu preučevanja in interpretacije različnih tipov zgodovinskih in modernih, kulturnih in naravnih majhnih reliefnih oblik. Daje jedrnate napotke za izbiro najboljših tehnik prikaza določenih tipov pokrajine in izrazitih oblik.Tri glavna poglavja – opis tehnik prikazovanja digitalnih modelov višin, napotki za njihovo izbiro in orodja za izračun prikazov –, spremljajo izbrani primeri tipičnih arheoloških in geomorfoloških študij, slovarček pojmov ter seznam literature in priporočenega branja. Posameznikom z različnih znanstvenih področij in z različnim predznanjem o tematiki je struktura v pomoč pri razumevanju različnih tehnik prikazov, kako jih brati, kako izbrati prave nastavitve pri njihovem izračunu in kako prepoznati najbolj primerne za namen zasnovane raziskave.

case studies --- digital heights model --- geodetic measurements --- geodetic methods --- geographical typology --- landscapes --- laser scanning --- laser techniques --- lidar --- manuals --- relief forms --- remote sensing --- settings --- spatial data --- technics --- tools --- visualization --- daljinsko zaznavanje --- digitalni model višin --- geodetska merjenja --- geodetske metode --- geografska tipologija --- krajine --- laserska tehnika --- lasersko skeniranje --- nastavitve --- orodja --- priročniki --- prostorski podatki --- reliefne oblike --- študije primerov --- tehnika --- vizualizacija

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The monograph is a translated and complemented edition of the book Airborne laser scanning raster data visualization: A Guide to Good Practice. It provides an insight into a range of visualization techniques for high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). It is provided in the context of investigation and interpretation of various types of historical and modern, cultural and natural small-scale relief features and landscape structures. It also provides concise guidance for selecting the best techniques when looking at a specific type of landscape and/or looking for particular kinds of forms.The three main sections – descriptions of visualization techniques, guidance for selection of the techniques, and visualization tools – accompany examples of visualizations, exemplar archaeological and geomorphological case studies, a glossary of terms, and a list of references and recommendations for further reading. The structure facilitates people of different academic background and level of expertise to understand different visualizations, how to read them, how to manipulate the settings in a calculation, and choose the best suited for the purpose of the intended investigation. Monografija nudi vpogled v nabor tehnik prikaza visokoločljivih modelov višin. Napisana je v kontekstu preučevanja in interpretacije različnih tipov zgodovinskih in modernih, kulturnih in naravnih majhnih reliefnih oblik. Daje jedrnate napotke za izbiro najboljših tehnik prikaza določenih tipov pokrajine in izrazitih oblik.Tri glavna poglavja – opis tehnik prikazovanja digitalnih modelov višin, napotki za njihovo izbiro in orodja za izračun prikazov –, spremljajo izbrani primeri tipičnih arheoloških in geomorfoloških študij, slovarček pojmov ter seznam literature in priporočenega branja. Posameznikom z različnih znanstvenih področij in z različnim predznanjem o tematiki je struktura v pomoč pri razumevanju različnih tehnik prikazov, kako jih brati, kako izbrati prave nastavitve pri njihovem izračunu in kako prepoznati najbolj primerne za namen zasnovane raziskave.

case studies --- digital heights model --- geodetic measurements --- geodetic methods --- geographical typology --- landscapes --- laser scanning --- laser techniques --- lidar --- manuals --- relief forms --- remote sensing --- settings --- spatial data --- technics --- tools --- visualization --- daljinsko zaznavanje --- digitalni model višin --- geodetska merjenja --- geodetske metode --- geografska tipologija --- krajine --- laserska tehnika --- lasersko skeniranje --- nastavitve --- orodja --- priročniki --- prostorski podatki --- reliefne oblike --- študije primerov --- tehnika --- vizualizacija

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"DEEP LEARNING FOR THE EARTH SCIENCES Explore this insightful treatment of deep learning in the field of earth sciences, from four leading voices Deep learning is a fundamental technique in modern Artificial Intelligence and is being applied to disciplines across the scientific spectrum; earth science is no exception. Yet, the link between deep learning and Earth sciences has only recently entered academic curricula and thus has not yet proliferated. Deep Learning for the Earth Sciences delivers a unique perspective and treatment of the concepts, skills, and practices necessary to quickly become familiar with the application of deep learning techniques to the Earth sciences. The book prepares readers to be ready to use the technologies and principles described in their own research. The distinguished editors have also included resources that explain and provide new ideas and recommendations for new research especially useful to those involved in advanced research education or those seeking PhD thesis orientations. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: An introduction to deep learning for classification purposes, including advances in image segmentation and encoding priors, anomaly detection and target detection, and domain adaptation An exploration of learning representations and unsupervised deep learning, including deep learning image fusion, image retrieval, and matching and co-registration Practical discussions of regression, fitting, parameter retrieval, forecasting and interpolation An examination of physics-aware deep learning models, including emulation of complex codes and model parametrizations Perfect for PhD students and researchers in the fields of geosciences, image processing, remote sensing, electrical engineering and computer science, and machine learning, Deep Learning for the Earth Sciences will also earn a place in the libraries of machine learning and pattern recognition researchers, engineers, and scientists."--Publisher.

Earth sciences --- Algorithms --- Study and teaching. --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Foundations --- earth sciences. --- climatology. --- data science. --- remote sensing. --- machine learning. --- apprendiment awtomatiku --- învățarea automată --- maskininlärning --- apprentissage automatique --- aprendizaje automático --- apprendimento automatico --- maschinelles Lernen --- machinaal leren --- strojové učenie --- mašinų mokymasis --- maskinlæring --- gépi tanulás --- masinõpe --- aprendizagem automática --- μηχανική μάθηση --- strojno učenje --- strojové učení --- mašīnmācīšanās --- uczenie się maszyn --- машинно самообучение --- meaisínfhoghlaim --- koneoppiminen --- underårig utan medföljande vuxen --- ensamkommande minderårig --- aprendizagem máquina --- maskinindlæring --- Fernerkundung --- даљинско очитавање --- teledetección --- teledetektion --- teledetekcja --- теледетекция --- fjärranalys --- diaľkový prieskum --- dálkový průzkum --- teledetectie --- teledeteção --- attālā uzrāde --- telediktim --- cianbhraiteacht --- távérzékelés --- nuotolinis aptikimas --- daljinsko zaznavanje --- kaugseire --- télédétection --- telerilevamento --- telerilevament --- τηλεανίχνευση --- далечинско лоцирање --- teledetecție --- daljinsko očitavanje --- kaukokartoitus --- τηλεπισκόπηση --- geolocalizzazione --- daljinsko čitanje --- sledování na dálku --- remote sensing --- teledetecção --- földrajzi helymeghatározás --- kontrole no attāluma --- fjernovervågning --- geolocalisation --- očitavanje na daljinu --- geolocalisatie --- družicový průzkum --- nuotolinis skaitymas --- γεωγραφικός εντοπισμός --- satellitlokalisering --- ģeolokalizācija --- geologinis vietos nustatymas --- geolocalização --- družicový snímek --- Geolokalisierung --- gjeolokalizim --- geopaikannus --- geodetecție --- géolocalisation --- наука за данните --- andmeteadus --- datavidenskab --- duomenų mokslas --- znanost o podacima --- ciência dos dados --- datatiede --- datawetenschap --- xjenza tad-data: --- science des données --- dátová veda --- podatkovne vede --- datová věda --- ciencia de datos --- Datenwissenschaft --- datu zinātne --- data science --- scienza dei dati --- nauka o danych --- επιστήμη δεδομένων --- știința datelor --- adattudomány --- gegevenswetenschap --- datavetenskap --- κλιματολογία --- климатология --- климатологија --- Klimatologie --- climatologie --- klimatologia --- climatologia --- klimatologi --- clíomeolaíocht --- klimatoloģija --- klimatologija --- éghajlattan --- klimatologie --- klimatoloogia --- climatología --- klimatológia --- klimatologji --- klimatoloġija --- věda o podnebí --- læren om klimaforhold --- наука за климата --- vědy o Zemi --- geovidenskaber --- domhaneolaíocht --- žemės mokslai --- геологични науки --- vede o Zemlji --- ciencias de la tierra --- науке о Земљи --- aardkunde --- sciences de la terre --- maankuorta tutkivat tieteet --- науки за Земјата --- bejjiegħ bl-imnut żgħir --- Geowissenschaften --- γεωλογικές επιστήμες --- földtudományok --- Zemes zinātnes --- ciências da Terra --- geovetenskap --- shkenca të tokës --- geoznanosti --- nauki o ziemi --- maateadused --- vedy o Zemi --- științele pământului --- geoscienze --- žemės mokslas --- ġeoxjenzi --- geoteadused --- nauky o Zemi --- атмосферски науки --- geovědy --- Machine learning. --- Sciences de la Terre. --- Apprentissage automatique. --- Data processing. --- xjenza tad-dinja